It doesn’t do it directly. Downvotes promote self-moderation. Posts getting downvoted disincentivizes someone from posting another thing that might get downvoted. When you take downvotes away, people are less inclined to self-moderate and it shifts the burden to a mod.
Downvoting does both things. I know the downvotes happen for “unwanted” gender stuff happens and that sucks. Both things can be true at the same time and there is no single solution that will make everyone happy.